Know Where to Look
The panel gives you attitude, speed, altitude, heading, navigation, radio, and aircraft status. Learn the scan before adding workload.
Primary Flight Instruments
Airspeed
Shows how fast the airplane is moving through the air. Use it for takeoff, climb, approach, and landing targets.
Attitude
Shows pitch and bank. In instrument flying, this is your main control reference.
Altitude
Shows height above sea level. Set your target altitude before you start a climb or descent.
Heading / HSI
Shows direction and navigation course. Use it with the CDI needle to track a course.
Vertical Speed
Shows climb or descent rate. Use it as a trend, not the only instrument.
Turn / Coordination
Shows turn quality and coordination. Keep turns smooth and avoid skidding or slipping unless intentionally practicing.
Radio, Transponder, and Autopilot
Radios
COM radios are for communication. NAV radios are for VOR, localizer, and ILS practice. Always verify active versus standby frequency.
Transponder
Use this for code and altitude-reporting practice when a scenario includes ATC procedures.
Autopilot
Use autopilot only when you understand the active mode. Confirm whether it is holding heading, altitude, GPS, VOR/LOC, or approach guidance.
